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Following the implementation of an earlier school start time, before-school activity participation decreased for elementary school students, but after-school participation was similar across years. Following the implementation of later school start times, there was a small decrease in after-school activity participation for middle and high school students ( 3–4%). Equally important, middle and high school students reported significantly increased sleep duration with later start times, regardless of participation in before-or after-school activities and employment. Study findings support the recommendation for healthy school start time policies.